਍㰀栀攀愀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀洀攀琀愀 渀愀洀攀㴀∀搀攀猀挀爀椀瀀琀椀漀渀∀ 挀漀渀琀攀渀琀㴀∀䴀䐀䔀匀䤀䜀一 ㈀ ㄀ ∀㸀ഀ ਍䴀䐀䔀匀䤀䜀一 ㈀ ㄀  ⴀ 吀攀搀愀琀愀ഀ ਍㰀⼀栀攀愀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀㈀  䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀㌀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀㸀ഀ
਍㰀䘀伀一吀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀⬀㈀㸀㰀䈀㸀吀攀搀愀琀愀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀ഀ
਍㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㌀ ─㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀唀猀攀爀    㨀 㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㐀 ─㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀䴀漀搀甀氀攀 瘀攀爀猀椀漀渀㨀 㰀⼀䈀㸀㄀㌀⸀ ⸀㠀㰀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㌀ ─㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀倀爀漀樀⸀ 一爀㨀 㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀㸀ഀ
਍㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀⬀㈀㸀ഀ Beam Calculation਍㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀ഀ ਍㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀愀 渀愀洀攀㴀∀䤀渀瀀甀琀∀㸀㰀⼀愀㸀ഀ ਍㰀䈀㸀㰀唀㸀䤀渀瀀甀琀 搀愀琀愀㨀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀唀㸀㰀倀㸀ഀ
Program : MDESIGNCustomer:
Date : 08.03.2013
਍㰀琀爀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀吀伀倀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㤀㜀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
 
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䈀㸀䈀攀愀洀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䌀愀氀挀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀吀伀倀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㤀㜀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
 
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀吀伀倀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㜀㘀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
 
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀䜀攀漀洀攀琀爀礀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀猀挀栀攀洀攀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ  ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀䜀攀渀攀爀愀氀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀戀攀愀洀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀吀伀倀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㤀㜀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
 
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀吀伀倀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㜀㌀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
 
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䈀㸀䴀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀⠀猀琀爀攀渀最琀栀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀瘀愀氀甀攀猀⤀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀愀挀挀漀爀搀椀渀最☀渀戀猀瀀㬀琀漀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ  ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀䴀䐀䔀匀䤀䜀一☀渀戀猀瀀㬀搀愀琀愀戀愀猀攀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀吀伀倀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㜀㘀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
 
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀䤀渀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ  ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀渀漀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀吀伀倀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㤀㜀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
 
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀吀伀倀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㜀㘀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
 
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀䴀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀搀攀猀椀最渀愀琀椀漀渀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ  ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀匀㈀㌀㔀䨀刀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀吀伀倀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㜀㘀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
 
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀䴀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀渀甀洀戀攀爀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ  ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㄀⸀  ㌀㜀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀吀伀倀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㤀㜀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
 
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀吀伀倀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㘀㤀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
 
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀䴀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀最爀漀甀瀀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ  ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀唀渀愀氀氀漀礀攀搀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀愀氀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀猀琀攀攀氀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀吀伀倀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㘀㤀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
 
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀䠀攀愀琀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀琀爀攀愀琀洀攀渀琀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀⼀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀匀琀愀琀攀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ  ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀渀漀渀攀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀吀伀倀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㤀㜀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
 
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀吀伀倀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㜀㘀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
 
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀匀琀愀渀搀愀爀搀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀搀椀洀攀渀猀椀漀渀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀搀一洀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㴀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ  ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㐀 ☀渀戀猀瀀㬀洀洀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀吀伀倀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㜀㘀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
 
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀匀琀愀渀搀愀爀搀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀搀椀洀攀渀猀椀漀渀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀搀一瀀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㴀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ  ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㐀 ☀渀戀猀瀀㬀洀洀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀吀伀倀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㜀㘀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
 
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀唀氀琀椀洀愀琀攀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀猀琀爀攀渀最琀栀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀昀漀爀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀搀一洀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀刀洀一☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㴀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ  ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㌀㘀 ☀渀戀猀瀀㬀一⼀洀洀눀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀吀伀倀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㜀㘀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
 
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀夀椀攀氀搀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀瀀漀椀渀琀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀昀漀爀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀搀一瀀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀刀瀀一☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㴀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ  ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㈀㌀㔀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀一⼀洀洀눀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀吀伀倀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㤀㜀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
 
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀吀伀倀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㜀㘀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
 
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀吀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀吀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㴀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ  ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㈀ ☀渀戀猀瀀㬀뀀䌀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀吀伀倀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㤀㜀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
 
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀吀伀倀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㜀㘀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
 
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀䴀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀Ⰰ☀渀戀猀瀀㬀猀甀爀昀愀挀攀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀栀愀爀搀攀渀攀搀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ  ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀渀漀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀吀伀倀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㜀㘀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
 
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀䰀漀愀搀猀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀洀愀椀渀氀礀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀挀爀漀猀猀眀椀猀攀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀琀漀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀琀栀攀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀瀀爀攀昀攀爀爀攀搀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀搀椀爀攀挀琀椀漀渀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀漀昀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀洀愀挀栀椀渀椀渀最☀渀戀猀瀀㬀⠀爀漀氀氀椀渀最⤀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ  ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀渀漀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀吀伀倀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㤀㜀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
 
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀吀伀倀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㜀㘀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
 
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀䌀愀氀挀甀氀愀琀⸀漀昀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀琀栀攀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀搀攀昀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀昀漀爀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀瀀漀椀渀琀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀砀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㴀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ  ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㄀㘀㔀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀洀洀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀吀伀倀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㜀㘀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
 
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀䌀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀漀昀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀漀眀渀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀眀攀椀最栀琀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ  ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀渀漀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀吀伀倀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㤀㜀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
 
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀吀伀倀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㤀㜀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
 
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䈀㸀㰀唀㸀䈀攀愀洀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀最攀漀洀攀琀爀礀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀唀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀吀伀倀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㤀㜀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
 
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀吀伀倀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㤀㜀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
 
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䈀㸀䈀攀愀洀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀最攀漀洀攀琀爀礀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀㰀吀䐀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䰀䔀䘀吀㸀ഀ Nr.਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㄀㌀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
਍㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀  䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀 㸀ഀ
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀吀礀瀀攀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀  䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䰀䔀䘀吀㸀ഀ Symbolic notation਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㄀㔀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀唀猀攀爀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀瀀爀漀昀椀氀攀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀  䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䰀䔀䘀吀㸀ഀ l mm਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㜀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀戀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀洀洀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀  䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䰀䔀䘀吀㸀ഀ h mm਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㜀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀搀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀洀洀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀  䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䰀䔀䘀吀㸀ഀ D mm਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㜀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀猀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀洀洀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀  䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䰀䔀䘀吀㸀ഀ t mm਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㜀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀爀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀洀洀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀  䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䰀䔀䘀吀㸀ഀ r1 mm਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㜀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀爀㈀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀洀洀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀  䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䰀䔀䘀吀㸀ഀ a °਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㠀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀挀礀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀挀洀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀  䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䰀䔀䘀吀㸀ഀ cz cm਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㜀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀䄀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀洀洀눀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀  䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䰀䔀䘀吀㸀ഀ Iy mm4਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㠀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀䤀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀匀礀洀戀漀氀 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀∀㸀栀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀挀洀㐀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀  䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䰀䔀䘀吀㸀ഀ Iz cm4਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㠀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀䤀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀匀礀洀戀漀氀 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀∀㸀稀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀挀洀㐀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀  䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䰀䔀䘀吀㸀ഀ Wy cm³਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㠀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀圀稀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀挀洀대㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀  䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䰀䔀䘀吀㸀ഀ Sy cm³਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀 ─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀匀稀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀挀洀대㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀戀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 1਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ Square, cold hollow sections਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ Patrat 50x9਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ User database਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 35਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 50਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 50਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 0਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 0਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 0਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 9਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 0਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 0਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 0਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 0਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 0਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 0਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 1476਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 433450਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 0਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 43.345਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 0਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 17.338਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 17.338਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 11.529਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 11.529਍㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 2਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ Square, hot hollow sections਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 40x4਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ MDESIGN Database਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 130਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 40਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 40਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 0਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 0਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 0਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 4਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 0਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 0਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 0਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 0਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 0਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 0਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 576਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 125950਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 0਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 12.595਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 0਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 6.298਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 6.298਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 3.904਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 3.904਍㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀㰀吀䐀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀吀伀倀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㤀㜀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
 
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀吀伀倀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㤀㜀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
 
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䈀㸀䈀攀愀爀椀渀最猀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀㰀吀䐀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䰀䔀䘀吀㸀ഀ Nr.਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㄀㔀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
਍㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀  䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀 㸀ഀ
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀倀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀砀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀洀洀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀  䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䰀䔀䘀吀㸀ഀ Stiffness cx N/mm਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㄀㤀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀匀琀椀昀昀渀攀猀猀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀挀礀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀一⼀洀洀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀  䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䰀䔀䘀吀㸀ഀ Stiffness cz N/mm਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㄀㤀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀吀椀氀琀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀猀琀椀昀昀渀攀猀猀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀吀礀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀一⨀洀⼀뀀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀  䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䰀䔀䘀吀㸀ഀ Tilt stiffness Tz N*m/°਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀㸀㄀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀㸀 㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀㸀ⴀ㄀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀㸀ⴀ㄀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀㸀ⴀ㄀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀㸀ⴀ㄀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀㸀ⴀ㄀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ  ਍㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀愀戀氀攀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀  䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀  㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㄀─㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀  䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀刀䤀䜀䠀吀㸀ഀ  ਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀愀戀氀攀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀  䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀  㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㄀─㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ  ਍㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㈀─㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀  䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䰀䔀䘀吀㸀ഀ Axial forces Fax਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ  ਍㰀琀爀㸀㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㈀─㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀愀戀氀攀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀㄀ 䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀㄀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㄀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀一爀⸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀  䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䰀䔀䘀吀㸀ഀ Position x mm਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㈀㘀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀䄀洀漀甀渀琀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䘀愀砀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀一㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀  䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䰀䔀䘀吀㸀ഀ Radius r mm਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㈀ ─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀䄀渀最氀攀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀匀礀洀戀漀氀 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀∀㸀愀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀뀀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀戀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 1਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 165਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ -700਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 0਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 0਍㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀㰀吀䐀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀吀伀倀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㤀㜀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
 
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀吀伀倀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㤀㜀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
 
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䈀㸀刀愀搀椀愀氀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀昀漀爀挀攀猀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䘀爀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀㰀吀䐀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䰀䔀䘀吀㸀ഀ Nr.਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㈀㘀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
਍㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀  䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀 㸀ഀ
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀倀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀砀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀洀洀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀  䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䰀䔀䘀吀㸀ഀ Amount Fr N਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㌀㠀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀䄀渀最氀攀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀匀礀洀戀漀氀 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀∀㸀愀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀뀀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀戀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 1਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 165਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 300਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 0਍㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 2਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 165਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 1500਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 270਍㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀㰀吀䐀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀吀伀倀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㤀㜀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
 
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀吀伀倀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㤀㜀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
 
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䈀㸀䈀攀渀搀椀渀最☀渀戀猀瀀㬀洀漀洀攀渀琀猀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䴀戀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀㰀吀䐀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䰀䔀䘀吀㸀ഀ Nr.਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㈀㘀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
਍㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀  䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀 㸀ഀ
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀倀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀砀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀洀洀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀  䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䰀䔀䘀吀㸀ഀ Amount Mb N*mm਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㌀㠀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀䄀渀最氀攀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀匀礀洀戀漀氀 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀∀㸀愀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀뀀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀戀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 1਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 165਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 128000਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 0਍㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 2਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 165਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ -14400਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 270਍㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀㰀吀䐀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀吀伀倀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㤀㜀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
 
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀吀伀倀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ
਍㰀琀爀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀吀伀倀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㤀㜀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
 
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀吀伀倀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㤀㜀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
 
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䈀㸀吀漀爀猀椀漀渀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀洀漀洀攀渀琀猀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀吀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀㰀吀䐀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䰀䔀䘀吀㸀ഀ Nr.਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㈀㘀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
਍㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀  䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀 㸀ഀ
਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀倀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀砀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀洀洀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀  䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀 㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䰀䔀䘀吀㸀ഀ Amount T N*mm਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㌀㠀─ 嘀䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀䴀䤀䐀䐀䰀䔀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀䰀攀渀最琀栀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀氀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀洀洀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀戀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 1਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 165਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ -24000਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 0਍㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 2਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 0਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 24000਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ 0਍㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀㰀吀䐀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀ഀ
਍㰀䄀 渀愀洀攀㴀∀䐀椀愀最爀愀洀洀猀 䤀渀瀀甀琀∀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀ഀ ਍㰀䘀伀一吀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䈀㸀㰀唀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀刀攀猀甀氀琀猀㨀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀唀㸀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀吀漀琀愀氀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀氀攀渀最琀栀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀漀昀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀琀栀攀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀戀攀愀洀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀氀最☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㴀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㄀㘀㔀⸀  㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀洀洀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ Total mass of the beam                     m      =      0.99 kg
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀倀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀漀昀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀挀攀渀琀攀爀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀漀昀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀最爀愀瘀椀琀礀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀⠀砀ⴀ愀砀椀猀⤀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀砀猀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㴀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㘀㘀⸀㌀㄀㤀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀洀洀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀䴀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀搀愀琀愀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀昀漀爀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀砀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㴀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㄀㘀㔀⸀  㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀洀洀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ Effective blank diameter                   deff   =     14.40 mm
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀唀氀琀椀洀愀琀攀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀猀琀爀攀渀最琀栀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀刀洀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㴀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㌀㘀 ⸀  㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀一⼀洀洀눀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ Yielding point                             Re     =    235.00 N/mm²
਍㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ Beam profiles
਍㰀⼀琀搀㸀㰀⼀琀爀㸀㰀琀爀㸀㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㈀─㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀㰀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ
 
਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀㰀戀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀䈀攀愀洀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀瀀爀漀昀椀氀攀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀戀㸀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀㰀戀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀圀椀搀琀栀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀戀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀戀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ  mm਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀㰀戀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀䠀攀椀最栀琀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀栀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀戀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ  mm਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀㰀戀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀䐀椀愀洀攀琀攀爀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀⠀䐀椀猀琀愀渀挀攀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀琀漀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀愀砀椀猀⤀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀搀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀戀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ  mm਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀㰀戀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀䈀攀愀洀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀昀氀愀渀最攀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀琀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀戀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ  mm਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀㰀戀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀圀愀氀氀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀琀栀椀挀欀渀攀猀猀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀猀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀戀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ  mm਍㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀 ㄀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䰀䔀䘀吀㸀    倀愀琀爀愀琀 㔀 砀㤀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     㔀 ⸀  㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀      㤀⸀  㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀 ㈀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䰀䔀䘀吀㸀           㐀 砀㐀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     㐀 ⸀  㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀      㐀⸀  㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ
Cross section nr.
Symbolic notation
Square, cold hollow sections
50.00
0.00
0.00
Square, hot hollow sections
40.00
0.00
0.00
਍㰀⼀琀搀㸀㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㈀─㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀㰀琀搀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀琀搀㸀㰀⼀琀爀㸀㰀琀爀㸀㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㈀─㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀㰀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ  ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀㰀戀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀氀椀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀戀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ  mm਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀㰀戀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀䄀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀戀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ  cm²਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀㰀戀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀䤀礀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀戀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ  cm4਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀㰀戀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀䤀稀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀戀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ  cm4਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀㰀戀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀圀礀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀戀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ  cm³਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀㰀戀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀圀稀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀戀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ  cm³਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀㰀戀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀匀礀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀戀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ  cm³਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀㰀戀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀匀稀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀戀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ  cm³਍㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀 ㄀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀    ㄀㐀⸀㜀㘀 㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀    㐀㌀⸀㌀㐀㔀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀    ㄀㜀⸀㌀㌀㠀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀    ㄀㄀⸀㔀㈀㤀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀   ㄀㌀ ⸀   㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀    ㄀㈀⸀㔀㤀㔀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     㘀⸀㈀㤀㠀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ㌀⸀㤀 㐀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ
Nr
35.000
43.345
17.338
11.529
2
5.760
12.595
6.298
3.904
਍㰀⼀琀搀㸀㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㈀─㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀㰀琀搀㸀ഀ
਍㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ Bearing react. force                       
਍㰀⼀琀搀㸀㰀⼀琀爀㸀㰀琀爀㸀㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㈀─㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀㰀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ  ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀㰀戀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀吀礀瀀攀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀戀㸀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䰀䔀䘀吀㸀刀椀最椀搀 挀氀愀洀瀀椀渀最㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀  ⴀ㄀㔀  ⸀  㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀   ㄀㔀㈀㤀⸀㜀㄀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀       ⸀  㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ
Nr
Position x
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀洀洀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ
Ry
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀一㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ
Rz
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀一㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ
R
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀一㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ
Rax
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀一㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ
a
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀뀀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ
1
0.00
-300.00
700.00
਍㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀䌀愀氀挀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀爀攀猀甀氀琀猀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀漀昀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀洀愀砀椀洀甀洀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀猀琀爀攀猀猀攀猀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀愀渀搀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀氀漀愀搀椀渀最猀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀䈀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀䴀愀砀⸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀戀攀渀搀椀渀最☀渀戀猀瀀㬀洀漀洀攀渀琀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ Max. bending moment around y-axis:
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀倀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀砀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㴀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀 ⸀   㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀洀洀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ    Amount                                  Mymax  =         177.500 N*m
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀䴀愀砀⸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀戀攀渀搀椀渀最☀渀戀猀瀀㬀洀漀洀攀渀琀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀愀爀漀甀渀搀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀稀ⴀ愀砀椀猀㨀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ    Position                                x      =           0.000 mm
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䄀洀漀甀渀琀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䴀稀洀愀砀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㴀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㈀㌀㌀⸀㄀  㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀一⨀洀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ Resulting maximum bending moment:
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀倀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀砀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㴀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀 ⸀   㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀洀洀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ    Amount                                  Mbmax  =         292.988 N*m
਍㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ Resulting maximum tension-pressure-stress:
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀倀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀砀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㴀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㌀㔀⸀   㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀洀洀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ    Amount                                  szdmax =          -1.215 N/mm²
਍㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ Maximum value of the normal stress
਍㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀㰀⼀琀爀㸀㰀琀爀㸀㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㈀─㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀㰀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ
 
਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀㰀戀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀吀攀渀猀椀漀渀ⴀ瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀ⴀ猀琀爀攀猀猀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀匀礀洀戀漀氀 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀∀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀猀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀稀搀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀戀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ  N/mm²਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀㰀戀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀䈀攀渀搀椀渀最☀渀戀猀瀀㬀猀琀爀攀猀猀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀椀渀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀挀漀渀猀攀焀甀攀渀挀攀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀漀昀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䴀礀洀愀砀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀⠀䴀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀匀礀洀戀漀氀 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀∀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀栀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀洀愀砀⤀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀匀礀洀戀漀氀 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀∀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀猀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀匀礀洀戀漀氀 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀∀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀栀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀洀愀砀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀戀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ  N/mm²਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀㰀戀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀䈀攀渀搀椀渀最☀渀戀猀瀀㬀猀琀爀攀猀猀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀椀渀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀挀漀渀猀攀焀甀攀渀挀攀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀漀昀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䴀稀洀愀砀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀⠀䴀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀匀礀洀戀漀氀 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀∀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀稀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀洀愀砀⤀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀匀礀洀戀漀氀 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀∀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀猀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀匀礀洀戀漀氀 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀∀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀稀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀洀愀砀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀戀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ  N/mm²਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀㰀戀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀䌀漀洀戀椀渀攀搀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀猀琀椀挀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀漀昀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀渀漀爀洀愀氀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀猀琀爀攀猀猀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀匀礀洀戀漀氀 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀∀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀猀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀爀攀猀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀戀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ  N/mm²਍㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䰀䔀䘀吀㸀 倀㄀ 㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ㈀㘀⸀㔀 㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     㔀㘀⸀㌀㄀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀      ㄀⸀㈀㈀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ㈀㠀⸀㔀㤀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䰀䔀䘀吀㸀 倀㌀ 㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀    ⴀ㈀㘀⸀㔀 㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀      ㌀⸀㌀㄀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀      ㄀⸀㈀㈀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ㈀㠀⸀㔀㤀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䰀䔀䘀吀㸀 倀㐀 㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀    ⴀ㈀㘀⸀㔀 㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀    ⴀ㈀㔀⸀㈀㤀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀      ㄀⸀㈀㈀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀    ⴀ㈀㠀⸀㔀㤀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䰀䔀䘀吀㸀 倀㔀 㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀    ⴀ㈀㘀⸀㔀 㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀    ⴀ㔀㌀⸀㠀㠀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀      ㄀⸀㈀㈀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀    ⴀ㈀㠀⸀㔀㤀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䰀䔀䘀吀㸀 倀㜀 㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ㈀㘀⸀㔀 㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ ⸀㠀㠀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀      ㄀⸀㈀㈀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀    ⴀ㈀㠀⸀㔀㤀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䰀䔀䘀吀㸀 倀㠀 㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ㈀㘀⸀㔀 㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ㈀㜀⸀㜀㈀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀      ㄀⸀㈀㈀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ㈀㠀⸀㔀㤀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ
Salient point
1.22
28.59
P2
0.00
29.81
1.22
28.59
P3*
-26.50
3.31
1.22
0.00
P5*
-26.50
-53.88
1.22
-28.59
P6
0.00
-27.38
1.22
-28.59
P7*
26.50
-0.88
1.22
0.00
P1*
26.50
56.31
਍㰀⼀琀搀㸀㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㈀─㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀㰀琀搀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀䴀愀砀椀洀甀洀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀挀漀洀戀椀渀攀搀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀猀琀椀挀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀漀昀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀琀栀攀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀渀漀爀洀愀氀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀猀琀爀攀猀猀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ    Position                                x      =          35.357 mm
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䄀洀漀甀渀琀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀匀礀洀戀漀氀 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀∀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀猀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀爀攀猀洀愀砀㴀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㔀㘀⸀㌀㄀ 㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀一⼀洀洀눀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀䈀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀䴀愀砀椀洀甀洀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀瘀愀氀甀攀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀漀昀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀琀栀攀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀猀栀攀愀爀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀猀琀爀攀猀猀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀㰀吀䐀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㈀─㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀愀戀氀攀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀㄀ 䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀㄀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀㰀戀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀匀愀氀椀攀渀琀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀瀀漀椀渀琀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀戀㸀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ
Shear stress in
consequence of Fz
tzmax

਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀一⼀洀洀눀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ
Shear stress in
consequence of Fy
tymax

਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀一⼀洀洀눀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ
Combined characteristic
of shear stress
tres

਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀一⼀洀洀눀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ P1 ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㄀⸀㘀㌀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ
-3.86਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㔀⸀㐀㤀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ P2 ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㈀⸀㌀㈀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ
0.00਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㈀⸀㌀㈀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ P3 ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㄀⸀㘀㌀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ
-3.86਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㔀⸀㐀㤀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ P3*਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㄀⸀㘀㌀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ
-3.86਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㔀⸀㐀㤀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ P4 ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀       ⸀  㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ
-11.62਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀    ⴀ㄀㄀⸀㘀㈀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ P5*਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㄀⸀㘀㌀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ
-3.86਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㔀⸀㐀㤀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ P5 ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㄀⸀㘀㌀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ
-3.86਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㔀⸀㐀㤀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ P6 ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㈀⸀㌀㈀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ
0.00਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㈀⸀㌀㈀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ P7 ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㄀⸀㘀㌀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ
-3.86਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㔀⸀㐀㤀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ P7*਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㄀⸀㘀㌀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ
-3.86਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㔀⸀㐀㤀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ P8 ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀       ⸀  㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ
-11.62਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀    ⴀ㄀㄀⸀㘀㈀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ P1*਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㄀⸀㘀㌀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ
-3.86਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㔀⸀㐀㤀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ Maximum combined characteristic of 
the shear stress                           
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀倀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀砀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㴀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㌀㔀⸀㌀㔀㜀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀洀洀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ    Amount                                  tresmax=          11.624 N/mm²
਍㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ Maximum comparable stress:
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀倀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀砀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㴀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㌀㔀⸀㌀㔀㜀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀洀洀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ    Amount                                  svxmax =          57.106 N/mm²
਍㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ Min. safety against leak:
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀倀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀砀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㴀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㌀㔀⸀㌀㔀㜀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀洀洀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ    Amount                                  Sfmin  =           4.115
਍㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ Max. deflection
਍㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀刀攀猀甀氀琀愀渀琀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀洀愀砀⸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀搀攀昀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ    Position                                x      =         165.000 mm
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䄀洀漀甀渀琀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀礀洀愀砀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㴀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀 ⸀ 㜀㜀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀洀洀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀䄀渀最氀攀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀漀昀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀琀栀攀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀洀愀砀椀洀甀洀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀猀愀最最椀渀最☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ    Position                                x      =         165.000 mm
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䄀洀漀甀渀琀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㴀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀 ⸀ 㔀㌀㈀㘀㄀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀뀀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ Calculation results for point              x      =     165.000 mm
਍㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ Bending moments around y-axis              My     =     128.000 N*m
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀䈀攀渀搀椀渀最☀渀戀猀瀀㬀洀漀洀攀渀琀猀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀愀爀漀甀渀搀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀稀ⴀ愀砀椀猀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䴀稀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㴀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀ⴀ㄀㐀⸀㐀  㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀一⨀洀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ Result. max. bending moment                Mb     =     128.807 N*m
਍㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ Tension-pressure-stress                    szdx   =      -1.215 N/mm²
਍㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ Normal stress
਍㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀㰀⼀琀爀㸀㰀琀爀㸀㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㈀─㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀㰀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ  ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀㰀戀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀吀攀渀猀椀漀渀ⴀ瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀ⴀ猀琀爀攀猀猀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀匀礀洀戀漀氀 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀∀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀猀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀稀搀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀戀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ  N/mm²਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀㰀戀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀䈀攀渀搀椀渀最☀渀戀猀瀀㬀猀琀爀攀猀猀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀椀渀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀挀漀渀猀攀焀甀攀渀挀攀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀漀昀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䴀礀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀⠀䴀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀匀礀洀戀漀氀 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀∀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀栀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀⤀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀匀礀洀戀漀氀 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀∀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀猀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀匀礀洀戀漀氀 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀∀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀栀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀戀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ  N/mm²਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀㰀戀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀䈀攀渀搀椀渀最☀渀戀猀瀀㬀猀琀爀攀猀猀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀椀渀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀挀漀渀猀攀焀甀攀渀挀攀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀漀昀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䴀稀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀⠀䴀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀匀礀洀戀漀氀 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀∀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀稀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀⤀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀匀礀洀戀漀氀 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀∀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀猀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀匀礀洀戀漀氀 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀∀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀稀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀戀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ  N/mm²਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀㰀戀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀䌀漀洀戀椀渀攀搀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀猀琀椀挀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀漀昀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀渀漀爀洀愀氀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀猀琀爀攀猀猀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀匀礀洀戀漀氀 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀∀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀猀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀爀攀猀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀戀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ  N/mm²਍㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䰀䔀䘀吀㸀 倀㄀ 㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ㈀ ⸀㌀㌀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ㄀㤀⸀㈀㔀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㄀⸀㈀㈀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㈀⸀㈀㤀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䰀䔀䘀吀㸀 倀㌀ 㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀    ⴀ㈀ ⸀㌀㌀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀    ⴀ㈀㄀⸀㐀 㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㄀⸀㈀㈀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㈀⸀㈀㤀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䰀䔀䘀吀㸀 倀㐀 㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀    ⴀ㈀ ⸀㌀㌀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀    ⴀ㄀㤀⸀㄀㄀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㄀⸀㈀㈀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀      ㈀⸀㈀㤀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䰀䔀䘀吀㸀 倀㔀 㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀    ⴀ㈀ ⸀㌀㌀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀    ⴀ㄀㘀⸀㠀㈀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㄀⸀㈀㈀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀      ㈀⸀㈀㤀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䰀䔀䘀吀㸀 倀㜀 㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ㈀ ⸀㌀㌀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ㈀㌀⸀㠀㌀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㄀⸀㈀㈀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀      ㈀⸀㈀㤀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䰀䔀䘀吀㸀 倀㠀 㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ㈀ ⸀㌀㌀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ㈀㄀⸀㔀㐀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㄀⸀㈀㈀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㈀⸀㈀㤀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ
Salient point
-1.22
-2.29
P2
0.00
-1.07
-1.22
-2.29
P3*
-20.33
-21.40
-1.22
0.00
P5*
-20.33
-16.82
-1.22
2.29
P6
0.00
3.50
-1.22
2.29
P7*
20.33
23.83
-1.22
0.00
P1*
20.33
19.25
਍㰀⼀琀搀㸀㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㈀─㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀㰀琀搀㸀ഀ
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀䴀愀砀椀洀甀洀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀挀漀洀戀椀渀攀搀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀猀琀椀挀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀漀昀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀琀栀攀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀渀漀爀洀愀氀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀猀琀爀攀猀猀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀匀礀洀戀漀氀 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀∀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀猀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀爀攀猀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㴀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㈀㌀⸀㠀㈀㜀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀一⼀洀洀눀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀䈀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀匀栀攀愀爀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀猀琀爀攀猀猀攀猀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀琀爀㸀㰀吀䐀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀㈀─㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀愀戀氀攀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀㄀ 䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀㄀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀㰀戀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀匀愀氀椀攀渀琀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀瀀漀椀渀琀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀戀㸀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ
Shear stress in
consequence of Fz
tz

਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀一⼀洀洀눀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ
Shear stress in
consequence of Fy
ty

਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀一⼀洀洀눀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ
Combined characteristic
of shear stress
tres

਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀一⼀洀洀눀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ P1 ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㄀⸀㘀㌀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ
-3.86਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㔀⸀㐀㤀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ P2 ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㈀⸀㌀㈀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ
0.00਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㈀⸀㌀㈀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ P3 ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㄀⸀㘀㌀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ
-3.86਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㔀⸀㐀㤀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ P3*਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㄀⸀㘀㌀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ
-3.86਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㔀⸀㐀㤀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ P4 ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀       ⸀  㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ
-11.62਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀    ⴀ㄀㄀⸀㘀㈀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ P5*਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㄀⸀㘀㌀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ
-3.86਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㔀⸀㐀㤀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ P5 ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㄀⸀㘀㌀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ
-3.86਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㔀⸀㐀㤀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ P6 ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㈀⸀㌀㈀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ
0.00਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㈀⸀㌀㈀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ P7 ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㄀⸀㘀㌀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ
-3.86਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㔀⸀㐀㤀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ P7*਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㄀⸀㘀㌀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ
-3.86਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㔀⸀㐀㤀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ P8 ਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀       ⸀  㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ
-11.62਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀    ⴀ㄀㄀⸀㘀㈀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ P1*਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㄀⸀㘀㌀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ
-3.86਍㰀琀搀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀     ⴀ㔀⸀㐀㤀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ ਍㰀琀爀㸀ഀ ਍㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ Maximum combined characteristic of 
the shear stress                           tres   =      11.624 N/mm²
਍㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ Comparable stress                          svx    =      29.484 N/mm²
਍㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ Safety against leak                        Sf     =       7.970
਍㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ Resulting maximum deflection               y      =       0.077 mm
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀䄀渀最氀攀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀漀昀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀琀栀攀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀搀攀昀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㴀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀 ⸀ 㔀㌀㈀㘀㄀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀뀀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀䈀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀唀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀一漀琀椀挀攀㨀㰀⼀唀㸀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ For the calculation of the beam for the constrained torsion the following limitations are in force:
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀ⴀ☀渀戀猀瀀㬀琀栀攀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀戀攀愀洀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀洀甀猀琀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀栀愀瘀攀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀愀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀挀漀渀猀琀愀渀琀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀氀漀渀最椀琀甀搀椀渀愀氀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀挀爀漀猀猀ⴀ猀攀挀琀椀漀渀㬀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ     - the beam can not have more than one span;
਍㰀昀漀渀琀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀ 匀䤀娀䔀㴀㈀㸀㰀䘀伀一吀 䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀⌀      㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀ⴀ☀渀戀猀瀀㬀猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀猀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀漀昀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀愀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀猀椀渀最氀攀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀戀攀愀洀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀挀愀渀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀戀攀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀琀眀漀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀栀椀渀最攀猀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀漀爀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀琀眀漀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀爀攀猀琀爀愀椀渀琀㬀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ     - as beam profiles, either hot-rolled I-beams or hot-rolled U-profile
      should be considered.
਍㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀ഀ
਍㰀䄀 渀愀洀攀㴀∀䐀椀愀最爀愀洀洀猀 伀甀琀瀀甀琀∀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀ഀ ਍㰀䄀 渀愀洀攀㴀∀吀爀愀渀猀瘀攀爀猀攀 昀漀爀挀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 ⠀堀 ⴀ 夀 ⴀ 瀀氀愀渀攀⤀∀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀䘀伀一吀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀㰀䈀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀ഀ
Transverse force development (X - Y - plane)
਍ഀ
਍㰀䠀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀  䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀  㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀刀䤀䜀䠀吀㸀ഀ
਍㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀㰀䤀䴀䜀 匀刀䌀㴀∀䜀㈀㈀䌀㌀㘀㔀尀䈀䔀䄀䴀 䌀䄀䰀䌀唀䰀䄀吀䤀伀一漀甀琀开㄀⸀最椀昀∀ 䄀䰀吀㴀∀吀爀愀渀猀瘀攀爀猀攀 昀漀爀挀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 ⠀堀 ⴀ 娀 ⴀ 瀀氀愀渀攀⤀∀㸀㰀⼀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
਍㰀䄀 渀愀洀攀㴀∀吀爀愀渀猀瘀攀爀猀攀 昀漀爀挀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 ⠀爀攀猀甀氀琀愀渀琀⤀∀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀䘀伀一吀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀㰀䈀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀ഀ
Transverse force development (resultant)
਍ഀ
਍㰀䠀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀  䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀  㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀刀䤀䜀䠀吀㸀ഀ
਍㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀㰀䤀䴀䜀 匀刀䌀㴀∀䜀㈀㈀䌀㌀㘀㔀尀䈀䔀䄀䴀 䌀䄀䰀䌀唀䰀䄀吀䤀伀一漀甀琀开㌀⸀最椀昀∀ 䄀䰀吀㴀∀䈀攀渀搀椀渀最 洀漀洀攀渀琀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 ⠀堀 ⴀ 夀 ⴀ 瀀氀愀渀攀⤀∀㸀㰀⼀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
਍㰀䄀 渀愀洀攀㴀∀䈀攀渀搀椀渀最 洀漀洀攀渀琀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 ⠀堀 ⴀ 娀 ⴀ 瀀氀愀渀攀⤀∀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀䘀伀一吀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀㰀䈀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀ഀ
Bending moment development (X - Z - plane)
਍ഀ
਍㰀䠀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀  䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀  㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀刀䤀䜀䠀吀㸀ഀ
਍㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀㰀䤀䴀䜀 匀刀䌀㴀∀䜀㈀㈀䌀㌀㘀㔀尀䈀䔀䄀䴀 䌀䄀䰀䌀唀䰀䄀吀䤀伀一漀甀琀开㔀⸀最椀昀∀ 䄀䰀吀㴀∀䈀攀渀搀椀渀最 洀漀洀攀渀琀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 ⠀爀攀猀甀氀琀愀渀琀⤀∀㸀㰀⼀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
਍㰀䄀 渀愀洀攀㴀∀䐀攀昀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 ⠀堀 ⴀ 夀 ⴀ 瀀氀愀渀攀⤀∀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀䘀伀一吀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀㰀䈀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀ഀ
Deflection (X - Y - plane)
਍ഀ
਍㰀䠀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀  䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀  㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀刀䤀䜀䠀吀㸀ഀ
਍㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀㰀䤀䴀䜀 匀刀䌀㴀∀䜀㈀㈀䌀㌀㘀㔀尀䈀䔀䄀䴀 䌀䄀䰀䌀唀䰀䄀吀䤀伀一漀甀琀开㄀㐀⸀最椀昀∀ 䄀䰀吀㴀∀䐀攀昀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 ⠀堀 ⴀ 娀 ⴀ 瀀氀愀渀攀⤀∀㸀㰀⼀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
਍㰀䄀 渀愀洀攀㴀∀䐀攀昀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 ⠀爀攀猀甀氀琀愀渀琀⤀∀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀䘀伀一吀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀㰀䈀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀ഀ
Deflection (resultant)
਍ഀ
਍㰀䠀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀  䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀  㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀刀䤀䜀䠀吀㸀ഀ
਍㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀㰀䤀䴀䜀 匀刀䌀㴀∀䜀㈀㈀䌀㌀㘀㔀尀䈀䔀䄀䴀 䌀䄀䰀䌀唀䰀䄀吀䤀伀一漀甀琀开㄀㘀⸀最椀昀∀ 䄀䰀吀㴀∀䤀渀挀氀椀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 ⠀堀 ⴀ 夀 ⴀ 瀀氀愀渀攀⤀∀㸀㰀⼀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
਍㰀䄀 渀愀洀攀㴀∀䤀渀挀氀椀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 ⠀堀 ⴀ 娀 ⴀ 瀀氀愀渀攀⤀∀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀䘀伀一吀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀㰀䈀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀ഀ
Inclintation (X - Z - plane)
਍ഀ
਍㰀䠀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀  䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀  㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀刀䤀䜀䠀吀㸀ഀ
਍㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀㰀䤀䴀䜀 匀刀䌀㴀∀䜀㈀㈀䌀㌀㘀㔀尀䈀䔀䄀䴀 䌀䄀䰀䌀唀䰀䄀吀䤀伀一漀甀琀开㄀㠀⸀最椀昀∀ 䄀䰀吀㴀∀䤀渀挀氀椀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 ⠀爀攀猀甀氀琀愀渀琀⤀∀㸀㰀⼀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
਍㰀䄀 渀愀洀攀㴀∀匀愀昀攀琀礀 愀最愀椀渀猀琀 氀攀愀欀∀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀䘀伀一吀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀㰀䈀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀ഀ
Safety against leak
਍ഀ
਍㰀䠀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀  䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀  㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀刀䤀䜀䠀吀㸀ഀ
਍㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀㰀䤀䴀䜀 匀刀䌀㴀∀䜀㈀㈀䌀㌀㘀㔀尀䈀䔀䄀䴀 䌀䄀䰀䌀唀䰀䄀吀䤀伀一漀甀琀开㈀ ⸀最椀昀∀ 䄀䰀吀㴀∀刀攀猀甀氀琀愀渀琀 最爀愀瀀栀椀挀 ⠀堀 ⴀ 夀 ⴀ 瀀氀愀渀攀⤀∀㸀㰀⼀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
਍㰀䄀 渀愀洀攀㴀∀刀攀猀甀氀琀愀渀琀 最爀愀瀀栀椀挀 ⠀堀 ⴀ 娀 ⴀ 瀀氀愀渀攀⤀∀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀䘀伀一吀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀㰀䈀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀ഀ
Resultant graphic (X - Z - plane)
਍ഀ
਍㰀䠀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀  䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀  㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀刀䤀䜀䠀吀㸀ഀ
਍㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀㰀䤀䴀䜀 匀刀䌀㴀∀䜀㈀㈀䌀㌀㘀㔀尀䈀䔀䄀䴀 䌀䄀䰀䌀唀䰀䄀吀䤀伀一漀甀琀开㈀㈀⸀最椀昀∀ 䄀䰀吀㴀∀䜀爀愀瀀栀椀挀愀氀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀∀㸀㰀⼀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
਍㰀䄀 渀愀洀攀㴀∀匀琀爀攀猀猀 漀昀 愀砀椀愀氀 昀漀爀挀攀 䘀砀∀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀䘀伀一吀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀㰀䈀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀ഀ
Stress of axial force Fx
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਍㰀䠀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀  䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀  㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀刀䤀䜀䠀吀㸀ഀ
਍㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀㰀䤀䴀䜀 匀刀䌀㴀∀䜀㈀㈀䌀㌀㘀㔀尀䈀䔀䄀䴀 䌀䄀䰀䌀唀䰀䄀吀䤀伀一漀甀琀开㈀㤀⸀最椀昀∀ 䄀䰀吀㴀∀匀琀爀攀猀猀 漀昀 爀愀搀椀愀氀 昀漀爀挀攀 䘀礀∀㸀㰀⼀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
਍㰀䄀 渀愀洀攀㴀∀匀琀爀攀猀猀 漀昀 爀愀搀椀愀氀 昀漀爀挀攀 䘀稀∀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀䘀伀一吀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀㰀䈀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀ഀ
Stress of radial force Fz
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਍㰀䠀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 圀䤀䐀吀䠀㴀㄀  ─ 䌀䔀䰀䰀倀䄀䐀䐀䤀一䜀㴀  䌀䔀䰀䰀匀倀䄀䌀䤀一䜀㴀  䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀㴀  㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀䐀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀刀䤀䜀䠀吀㸀ഀ
਍㰀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀㰀䤀䴀䜀 匀刀䌀㴀∀䜀㈀㈀䌀㌀㘀㔀尀䈀䔀䄀䴀 䌀䄀䰀䌀唀䰀䄀吀䤀伀一漀甀琀开㌀㄀⸀最椀昀∀ 䄀䰀吀㴀∀匀琀爀攀猀猀 漀昀 戀攀渀搀椀渀最 洀漀洀攀渀琀 䴀礀∀㸀㰀⼀䌀䔀一吀䔀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䐀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ
਍㰀䄀 渀愀洀攀㴀∀匀琀爀攀猀猀 漀昀 戀攀渀搀椀渀最 洀漀洀攀渀琀 䴀稀∀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀ഀ ਍㰀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ
਍㰀䘀伀一吀 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀䌀漀甀爀椀攀爀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀㰀䈀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀⼀䘀伀一吀㸀ഀ
Stress of bending moment Mz
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਍㰀䠀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀吀刀㸀ഀ ਍㰀⼀䈀伀䐀夀㸀ഀ ਍�